Making of Nationalism in Europe


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Making of Nationalism in Europe

If we look at the map of mid-l8th century Europe, we will find that there were no nation-states like today. Now, what we know as Germany, Italy and Switzerland were divided into kingdoms, duchies and cantons, whose rulers had their autonomous territories. They did not share a collective identity or a common culture. They spoke different languages. and belonged to different ethnic groups.

The Habsburg empire, which ruled over Austria-Hungary was the patchwork of many different regions and peoples. The only tie binding, these diverse groups together was a common dedication to the emperor. Even though there were many differences, several factors led to the rise of the nation-states. Among them, some important factors were

  • The rise of new middle class.
  • The spread of the ideology of liberalism.
  • The new spirit of conservatism and the Treaty of Vienna.
  • The rise of Revolutionaries.
  • The Aristocracy and the New Middle Class: Socially and politically, a landed aristocracy was the dominant class in the continent. They owned estates and property both in countryside and town houses. They spoke French and their families were connected by ties of marriage. This aristocrat class was numerically a small group.

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    Sample Questions
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    Question : 1

     ‘Nationalism’, which emerged as a force in the late 19th century, means

    Right Option : A
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    Question : 2

    Which of the following were parts of Hapsburg Empire?

    Right Option : C
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    Question : 3

    The Habsburg empire, which ruled over Austria-Hungary was the patchwork of many different____________ and peoples

    Right Option : B
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